Part 1 Entry: Sarah Taitz, “Five Things to Know About NSA Mass Surveillance and the Coming Fight in Congress” ACLU, April 11 2023

Part 2: Terminology and Key Terms:

Section 702
Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA)
Warrantless Surveillance
PRISM
Upstream
Constitutional Rights
Fourth Amendment
ACLU (American Civil Liberties Union)
Surveillance State
NSA (National Security Agency)
Reauthorization
Transparency Reports
Supreme Court
Bulk Surveillance

Part 3: Précis: The author discusses the impending expiration of section 702 and the reasons why it shouldn’t be renewed by congress. Section 702 has become a problem for Americans traveling internationally The National Security Agency (NSA) also gets people’s data through Upstream and PRISM. The authors accentuates the potential violation of the first amendment that being the right to privacy. The ACLU supports the removal of section 702 including restrictions on backdoor searches, reducing surveillance, and increasing transparency.

Part 4: Reflection: The article clearly leans towards restricting surveillance on Americans even if they are outside of the country. There is an emphasis on the FBI and how agents can end up going though peoples private data and target them. There are lots of concerns associated with FISA in general and this article does a great job with informing the readers.

Part 5 Quotables:

“One of the most sweeping surveillance statutes ever enacted by Congress is set to expire at the end of this year — creating an important opportunity to rein in America’s sprawling surveillance state.”

“Section 702 of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act permits the U.S. government to engage in mass, warrantless surveillance of Americans’ international communications, including phone calls, texts, emails, social media messages, and web browsing.”

“The government claims to be pursuing vaguely defined foreign intelligence ‘targets,’ but its targets need not be spies, terrorists, or criminals. They can be virtually any foreigner abroad: journalists, academic researchers, scientists, or businesspeople.”

“As Congress debates the reauthorization of Section 702, it’s vital that we tell our representatives in Congress that we want an end to warrantless mass surveillance.”

Part 1: Bibliographic Entry: 

 SERHAN, Derar, and Farouq ALMEQDAD. “MyMathLab & WebAssign: Students’ Perceptions of Their Use in Mathematics.” ISRES Publishing, 2019. 

Part 2: Terminology/Keywords:  

Web-based systems 

Web-Assign 

MyMathLab 

Math Education 

Paper-pencil homework 

Immediate feedback 

Flexibility 

Part 3: Précis: 

The author compares the results conducted in a study where 2 distinct groups of students utilized the 2 different web-based websites WebAssign and Mymathlab .The purpose of the study was to find out how students feel about these online websites. Some of WebAssign’s positives are that it gives immediate feedback, offers online tutoring while some disadvantages are that it is not easy to find examples as well as no face-to-face feedback. Some advantages of MYMathlab are multiple attempts, many resources like videos and being able to go back to work on it. Some disadvantages are system glitches (right answer but the system does not accept it, no partial credit and not being able to retain the knowledge. 

Part 4: Reflection: 

If the students in the participants class were in 2 different classes did, they both have the same level of difficulty because if one were easier, it would not be a fair case study. The author also states that MyMathLab creates “personalized adaptive study plan” how is that possible if everyone in the class is generated to follow the same schedule? I feel like I could look into a case study that has 2 similar level math classes with but instead of comparing 2 different online sources to compare 1 that uses paper H.W. versus one that uses online H.W to get an accurate result of which method work effectively. 

I feel like some of the disadvantages out way the advantages. Even though the high number of problems is meant for practice, what is the point of answering countless questions if you are getting them wrong only to not retain the information later. Personally, writing things down is going to help me remember them more than clicking on numbers online. And when you know you did everything right but for 1 step, but you cannot figure it out it only frustrates students and demotivates them to complete the work. 

Part 5: Quotables: 

“More studies are needed to explore how to improve students’ experiences with these systems and to further investigate the effects of online homework systems on student achievement and understanding.” 

“WebAssign is a flexible web-based instructional system. It provides learners with immediate feedback on their performance thus allowing them to do more practice in the areas they need most help with.” 

“MyMathLab creates a personalized adaptive study plan based on the collected data targeting each student’s individual strengths and weaknesses. 

PART 1: Borum, Randy, et al. “What Can Be Done About School Shootings? A Review of the Evidence.” Educational Researcher, JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/27764551. Accessed 27 Nov. 2023.

PART 2:

-public concern

-school shootings

-preventing

-safe

-efforts

-laws

-violent behavior

-tolerance

PART 3: “What Can Be Done About School Shootings?” emphasized the concern and worry about preventing school shootings and understanding why this happens. Randy conducted research on the existing safety measures schools take to prevent school shootings, to what should be implemented in the future. Examples like zero tolerance which detect and regulate rules on kids to prevent a possible future shooting and student profiling. There is also a set of data graphs from the 1990s-2005 which compare homicide and suicide rates in schools vs outside of school. The article concludes with the concept of threat assesment and the cruciality of a supportive school environment.

Part 4 : The article introduced the current issue in todays world. School shooting have been appearing more often on the news. I remember back in elementary school when school shooting started happening and they had to teach children the lockdown drills for safety measures. Even though this is good measure the reasoning behind it is really unfortunate. Children should not have to learn drills to prevent getting killed from a sick individual. I am appealed reading this article because it reminded me of what I had learned as a student in school. It also can relate to almost every kid in the US. In addition, there was tons of sources and authors that were refernced for this article making it a reliable source.

PART 5:

“the act was passed when the rate of violent behavior in schools was near its peak of 13 incidents per 1,000 students, totaling 322,400 incidents of serious violent crimes (Dinkes, Cataldi, & Lin-Kelly, 2007).”

“Today, schools across the country are combining basic security measures, such as searching lockers (53%), placing school staff in hallways (90%), locking entrances and/or exit doors during the school day (54%), and requiring visitors to sign in (93%)”

“Threat assessment is intended to help schools avoid the pitfalls of both overreacting and underreacting to student misbehavior, which can have important implications for school discipline practice and the prevention of violence. “

“The key challenge is how best to achieve a balanced and reasonable set of policies that maintain appropriate vigilance and disciplinary structure and minimize risk of serious harm, yet facilitate a fair and interpersonally supportive climate in the school.”

Part 1: Entry: Brooke Auxier, Lee Rainie, Monica Anderson, Andrew Perrin, Madhu Kumar, and Erica Turner, “Americans and Privacy: Concerned, Confused and Feeling Lack of Control Over Their Personal Information” Pew Research Center, November 15, 2019

Part 2: Terminology/Keywords: Domain name

Online and Offline Activities
Data-driven Products and Services
Government Data Collection
Digital Privacy
Privacy Policies
Data Tracking
Data Profiling
Acceptability of Data Use
Concerns About Data Use
Data Security vs. Convenience
Identity Theft
Privacy News

Part 3: Précis: The authors explain many of the survey findings done by the Pew Research Center in 2019. The surveys highlight the concerns about data collection, tracking, identity theft, etc. The main issue being that Americans don’t know how the government handle online data. Americans also believe that companies secretly collect information and exchange the information with the government. The surveys also include demographic data like the increased surveillance of nonwhite Americans.

Part 4: Reflection: I find this article to be more focused on how Americans think about the current sate of online surveillance. Its more about public opinion and experiences. The article mention specific government policies or propose solutions to tracking concerns. The authors remain neutral and avoid criticizing any group. The surveys are comprehensive and express the problems Americans face when they are online.

Part 5: Quotables:

“A majority of Americans believe it is not possible to go through daily life without having their data collected.”

“Some 81% of the public say that the potential risks they face because of data collection by companies outweigh the benefits.”

“A majority of Americans believe their online and offline activities are being tracked and monitored by companies and the government with some regularity.”

“Fully 97% say they are ever asked to approve privacy policies, yet only about one-in-five adults overall say they always (9%) or often (13%) read a company’s privacy policy before agreeing to it.”

“Americans differ in their views on the acceptability of data use for specific purposes. While some find it acceptable for educational or security reasons, there is hesitation regarding uses like monitoring for mental health or sharing data with law enforcement.”

Part 1:

“Species and Climate Change.” IUCN, 4 Nov. 2022, www.iucn.org/resources/issues-brief/species-and-climate-change.

Part 2: Terminology

• genetic composition
• environmental policies
• nature conservation
• IUCN Red List
• Invasive species
• carbon sinks
• CO2 emissons
• exacerbates

Part 3: Precis

In this article, the author discusses the dangers of climate change on various species. Rising global temperatures, driven by human activities, are impacting species in many ways. Including genetic changes, altered behavior, and habitat loss. This poses a great threat to almost every ecosystem and the services those ecosystems provide. Climate change exacerbates already existing threats which leads to the acceleration of species decline. Scientist and many people around the world are trying to fix this huge issue that we humans have caused. Reducing CO2 emissions, conserving habitats, helping species adapt, and using tools like the ICUN Red List are needed as effective conservation strategies to reduce the risks that climate change continues to provide.

Part 4: Reflection

I chose this article because it seemed very informative and credible. It provided links to other information as well as graphs and pictures. And this article goes into depth about almost all issues revolving around climate change on species. The article goes over the issues of climate change and what it is doing to species and the environment, but then it also gives us solutions to those problems and tells the audience ways to help out with this issue. This is why I chose this article as my credible source.

Part 5: Quotables

“Climate change currently affects at least 10,967 species on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species^™, increasing the likelihood of their extinction. “

” Climate change interacts with threats such as habitat loss and overharvesting to further exacerbate species declines. The decline of species and ecosystems can then accelerate climate change, creating a feedback loop that further exacerbates the situation. “

“In addition to increased rates of disease and degraded habitats, climate change is also causing changes in species themselves, which threaten their survival. Rising temperatures have led to ecological changes including the migration of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) to Arctic rivers, while behavioral changes in species include earlier breeding times for North American tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor).”

Part 1: Bibliographic Entry 

Toshan Watts. “The Role of Technology In the Future and Its Impact on Society” The Times of India, 14 April 2023. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/readersblog/amitosh/the-role-of-technology-in-the-future-and-its-impact-on-society-52565/ 

Part 2: Terminology/Keywords 

Artificial Intelligence (AI), technological advancements, environment, cyberbullying, privacy invasion, internet of things, blockchain, 5g networks, cybersecurity, cloud computing, robotics, biotechnology, quantum computing, technological dependency 

Part 3: Précis

Technology has made people’s lives easier over the years. It’s constantly developing, altering how humans connect and the environment. However, technology’s effects on society have not always been beneficial. There are negative effects such as technological dependency, cyberbullying, privacy invasion, and so on… The future of technology is full of many technological breakthroughs which is why it’s essential to be aware of these negative effects while enjoying the advantages that come with technology. 

Part 4: Reflection 

This article has shown not only the positive effects of technology on society but also the negatives. It’s important to understand that there are always different views on a topic and this article was able to deliver that. I agree that we must be aware of the negative effects and do something about them in order to continue to benefit from technology and its advantages. I would have hoped for this author to have done more research to make the article have stronger and better arguments. 

Part 5: Quotables 

“However, technology’s effects on society have not always been beneficial. Despite its many favorable effects, it has also generated undesirable side effects that must be handled.”

“ Some of the negative effects of technology on society include technological dependency, cyberbullying, and privacy invasion. The increasing use of automation and AI has sparked worries about the loss of jobs and the widening income divide.”

“ It is vital that we, as a society, remain aware of these hazards and take steps to reduce them while still enjoying the advantages that technology provides.”

Bibliographic Entry: Parks, Miles. “Despite Fierce Protests, France Has Raised the Retirement Age From 62 to 64.” NPR, 15 Apr. 2023, www.npr.org/2023/04/15/1170246219/despite-fierce-protests-france-has-raised-the-retirement-age-from-62-to-64.

Terminology: French President, France, Protests, Pension Reform

Precis: This article, discusses the protest that took place in France during April of 2023. These protests resulted from the pension reforms of President Emmanuel Macron. The retirement age was raised from 62-64. Protesters became incredibly upset with this because it was done through special constitutional powers after it was made clear that this change wasn’t desired in the parliament. The President wasn’t worried about the unpopularity of this because it was that important to him. The younger population was especially upset with this which led to the huge protests that followed later. 

Reflection: The article, explains how the very disliked bill for pension reforms through a special constitutional power. The people were clearly upset with such a thing happening because it came off as a “cheap” way of forcing his desire. The people of France were so upset with this to the point they started the huge protests that happened throughout April and May of 2023. I understand the people of France becoming upset with this because the pension reform was something that was clearly expressed that the people and the majority of the government didn’t want.

Quotes: “But Macron has said he doesn’t really care about the price of unpopularity. That’s how important this reform is to him. Macron has always been seen as a president for successful city dwellers and not really your blue-collar workers.”

“For months, France has endured ongoing strikes and protests over controversial government pension reforms. The strikes have, at times, brought the country to a standstill, and the protests have often turned violent.”

“Not like we’ve seen in recent months. Obviously, there were protests yesterday evening after the Constitutional Council announced their ruling. But, you know, May 1, which is Labor Day here in France, is just around the corner, and it’s always a big day for demonstrations. The unions have vowed to keep the pressure on until the government scraps the reforms altogether.”

Part 1:

Zimring, Frank. “Is Gun Control Likely to Reduce Violent Killings?” The University of Chicago Law Review, no. 4, JSTOR, 1968

Part 2: Terminology and Key Words

-Gun violence

-Shootings

-Schools

-homicide

-Firearm

-Deaths

-mental health

-relationships

Part 3: Precis 

This journal article by Frank Zimring demonstrates an argument that limiting and strictly reinforcing gun control decreases the number of violent killings. He goes into depth about of relationship statuses between the homicide victim and attacker to the effects and fatalities of gun violence. There was numerous table and data that Frank had received and used in his article from the Homicide-Sex Division of the Chicago Police Department. The statistics also showed the comparison between knife attacks compared to gun attacks. As per 100 police reports a homicide from a gun is five times greater than knives. However, Frank includes insights and hypothetical situations that relate to and against his argument of controlling violent killing from guns. 

Part 4: Reflection

I chose this article by Frank Zimbirg because of the amount of information and sources that he has listed for his study. I find this topic interesting because this is a day-to-day problem. Some people hear about the killings and homicides on the news but not everyone goes to check the statistics and what we can do to prevent future problems. Frank highlights the severity of the data provided to him and a call for action towards the end of the article where he emphasizes that the roots of violence need to be studied and analyzed. 

part 5: 

“The rate of knife deaths per 100 reported knife assaults was less
than one-sixth of the rate of gun deaths per 100 reported gun assaults
during this policy period. ” 

“In the final years of this decade, a further study of this culture
of violence is an obligation to its survivors”

“The study was supported by the Center
for Studies in Criminal Justice at the University of Chicago. The study would not have been possible without the cooperation of the Homicide-Sex Division of the Chicago Police Department, and particularly Commander Francis Flanagan and Detective P. D.Conwa”

 

 

Part 1: Bibliographic entry

Beyond Agency: “How AI and Emerging Technologies Are Changing the Creative Landscape.” Beyond Agency, https://www.beyond.agency/blog/how-ai-emerging-technologies-are-changing-the-creative-landscape.

Part 2: Terminology/keywords

Artificial Intelligence (AI), Copyright, Human vs. AI, Job market, Production speed, Creative blocks

Part 3: Precis

In this article, the author dives into different AI tools and weighs the pros and cons. On the upside, AI is seen as a game-changer, making production faster and more efficient while sparing us from mental strain. However, there is a concern raised about the potential negative impact on creative thinking skills if excessive reliance on AI occurs. Additionally, the author raises the prospect that if AI becomes predominant in the creative industry, individuals with creative talent may struggle to secure employment, as AI would take over the majority of tasks in this domain.

Part 4: Reflection

I think this article offers a well-rounded perspective on the role of AI in the creative industry, highlighting its efficiency benefits alongside potential risks to creative thinking skills. I find this intriguing, as there’s a valid concern about the need to safeguard human creativity. The notion that AI dominance might impact job opportunities for creative individuals is thought-provoking. It makes me wonder how the industry can strike a balance, ensuring that technological advancements complement, rather than overshadow, human creativity. 

Part 5: Quotables

 “Creative AI is simply a tool to use alongside human creativity. It can speed up the process and produce more work at a faster rate than humans but we will always need a human input when it comes to creativity.”

“AI cannot replace human creativity and idea generation, but it may be the greatest supplement to the human brain ever discovered.” – Vitaly Pecherskiy

“Where AI is the simulation of intelligence in machines, Creative AI is the simulation of creativity in machines” – Ed Newton-Rex

Part 1: Bibliographic entry

Forbes Tech Council, “How AI Is Changing the Future of Creative Enterprise.” Forbes, 27 March 2023, https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbestechcouncil/2023/03/27/how-AI-is-changing-the-future-of-creative-enterprise/?sh=387c43b55e61

Part 2: Terminology/keywords

Artificial Intelligence (AI), Virtual assistants, content creation, ChatGPT,  Adobe, Chatbots, and Creative Landscape

Part 3: Precis

In this article, the author underscores the transformative influence of artificial intelligence (AI) on creative industries, particularly graphic design and music production. AI’s integration has democratically opened avenues for individuals without technical expertise, lowering barriers to entry and fostering creative expression. Mobile AI applications, exemplified by chatbots such as ChatGPT, offer accessible and cost-effective platforms for users to acquire digital skills seamlessly. This surge in mobile AI is projected to drive significant market growth, reaching an estimated $9.68 billion by 2027. Notably, the article anticipates a shift in software dynamics, where AI tools, once complex, increasingly bridge the divide between “professional” and “consumer” software, potentially reshaping business models. As the creative landscape undergoes a revolutionary democratization, AI not only expands creative possibilities but also diminishes the fear of failure, empowering individuals to realize their artistic visions and contribute to the ongoing evolution of the creative industries.

Part 4: Reflection

I believe this article effectively summarizes the overarching impact of AI on the creative industry, presenting a concise overview of its influence by distinctly outlining the evolution from the past to the present and anticipating future shifts, emphasizing the notable contrasts. It also discusses both positive and negative aspects, providing a well-rounded perspective articulating the democratization of creative opportunities, the accessibility brought about by AI tools, and the transformative potential in a succinct manner. This comprehensive approach encourages preparedness for the changing dynamics in the creative landscape.

Part 5: Quotables

“Chatbots, like the viral ChatGPT, are now available on mobile devices, making it even easier for consumers and companies to take advantage of AI in creative enterprises. With seamless UX and backend AI, these apps provide a cost-effective and time-efficient way for users to learn digital skills without coding.”

“AI has lowered the barrier to entry for creative fields like graphic design and music production. People who lack technical expertise can now partially bridge that gap with AI tools and their creative vision, allowing more people to enter the space.”

“AI tools that were once complex and time-consuming are now faster and more consumer-friendly. Soon, the line between “professional” and “consumer” software tools will blur as they merge and significantly impact business models, similar to how streaming and subscription models revolutionized their respective industries.”

“Being able to have a store here that represents Asian culture and Asian values, it was kind of our way of bringing back some of that — like reverse gentrification,” Yang said (20).

“The neighborhood was historically built upon locally owned businesses. For Yang, having a locally owned business is part of maintaining the area’s cultural identity” (21).

“The pressures that real estate developers are putting on, both residential and commercial tenants, it’s causing rents to go up for both residents and for small businesses,” Mar said (23).

“Over the last few years, given all the pressures on the commercial tenants, a lot of those small mom-and-pops, which basically were the ones that were serving the Chinese immigrant community, a lot of them had to close,” Mar said. “You can see a lot of ‘For Rent’ signs all over the storefronts” (25).

“Mar explained that rising land prices in Manhattan lead to an influx of luxury stores and buildings into Chinatown, leaving family-owned small businesses unable to stay open, eventually driving people away from the community” (26).

“Even if you can afford to live there, if you have a rent-stabilized apartment, you can’t afford to actually shop [in Chinatown], said Mar” (27).

Part 1: Hackworth, J. (2002). Postrecession Gentrification in New York City. Urban Affairs Review (Thousand Oaks, Calif.), 37(6), 815–843. https://doi.org/10.1177/107874037006003

Part 2: Central Cities, Cities , Class, Community Change, Developers, Economic aspects, Economic change, Economic development, Economics, Financing, Gentrification, Housing rehabilitation, Inner cities, Inner city, Investment, Land, Neighborhoods, New York \

Part 3: Although multiple authors have identified changes to gentrification since the early 1990’s recession, there is not yet a composite sketch of the process in its contemporary form. The author synthesizes the growing body of literature on postrecession gentrification and explores its manifestation in three New York City neighborhoods. The literature points to four fundamental changes in the way that gentrification works. First, corporate developers are now more common initial gentrifiers than before. Second, the state, at various levels, is fueling the process more directly than in the past. Third, anti-gentrification social movements have been marginalized within the urban political sphere. Finally, the land economics of inner-city investment have changed in ways that accelerate certain types of neighborhood change.

Part 4: I like this article because it dives deeply into gentrification in the late 1900’s which is very relevant to how it has changed now. This article explores post recession gentrification in three New York City neighborhoods to “illustrate how the aforementioned general changes are manifesting themselves within different localities.” The article gives many details about the process of gentrifying Clinton, Long island City, and Dumbo.

Part 5: “This is unfortunate because gentrification has long been theorized as a window into larger processes of economic and social restructuring. Understanding its most recent manifestation could thus reveal important clues about the nature of current larger-scale economic processes.”

“During the 1970’s and 1980’s, the threat and reality of displacement from gentrification often motivated working-class groups to fight the process when it entered their neighborhood. Although usually unsuccessful at stop-ping the process outright, such groups often did procure limited agreements from banks, developers, and the state to make the process less deleterious to the existing community.”

“In Long Island City, small pockets of “classic” gentrification took place in the 1970’s and early 1980’s, but because it is a mixed-use neighborhood, banks remained reluctant to lend there, and the pockets remained isolated.”

“Although a small trickle of artists started to gentrify DUMBO in the 1980’s(Richardson 1995), post recession gentrification in the neighborhood is being orchestrated almost exclusively by one firm: David Walentas Two Trees Development Corporation. In the early 1980’s, Two Trees purchased almost all of DUMBO’s turn-of-the-century industrial loft buildings and began to refurbish them. At that time, DUMBO was a small neighborhood of moderate income and rent levels.”

Part 1: Zukin, S., Trujillo, V., Frase, P., Jackson, D., Recuber, T., & Walker, A. (2009). New Retail Capital and Neighborhood Change: Boutiques and Gentrification in New York City. City & Community, 8(1), 47–64. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6040.2009.01269.x

Part 2: Cultural value, gentrification, social classes, urban areas, retail stores, attrition, social conditions and trends

Part 3: Since the 1970s, certain types of upscale restaurants, cafés, and stores have emerged as highly visible signs of gentrification in cities all over the world. Taking Harlem and Williamsburg as field sites, we explore the role of these new stores and services (“boutiques”) as agents of change in New York City through data on changing composition of retail and services, interviews with new store owners, and discursive analysis of print media. Since the 1990s, the share of boutiques, including those owned by small local chains, has dramatically increased, while the share of corporate capital (large chain stores) has increased somewhat, and the share of traditional local stores and services has greatly declined. The media, state, and quasi-public organizations all value boutiques, which they see as symbols and agents of revitalization. Meanwhile, new retail investors—many, in Harlem, from the new black middle class—are actively changing the social class and ethnic character of the neighborhoods. Despite owners’ responsiveness to community identity and racial solidarity, “boutiquing” calls attention to displacement of local retail stores and services on which long-term, lower class residents rely and to the state’s failure to take responsibility for their retention, especially in a time of economic crisis.

Part 4: I chose to research gentrification because the act of trying to force people (usually the lower class or Latino and black communities) out of their homes enrages me. This article put very well, into simple yet touching words, the effects of gentrification. It states specifically how people feel when they see “boutiques” in place of the stores they felt comfortable in. It also paints the picture of how slowly these people are forced out of their home or misplaced to welcome tenants and neighbors of higher status. This article talks specifically about Williamsburg and Harlem but I will use it to speak on gentrification as a whole in NYC.

part 5:

“Although the archetypal quiche-serving “fern bars” of the early years have long since yielded to wine bars and designer clothing boutiques, these stylish commercial spaces still embody, serve, and represent a powerful discourse of neighborhood change. “

“Whatever be their specific form, though, “boutiques” contrast with older stores catering to a poorer, more traditional, and less mobile clientele.”

“In U.S. cities, low-income Black and Latino residents identify upscale consumption spaces with “white” interests, and although they may appreciate better goods and services that new stores make available, they resent the implication that white newcomers are responsible for the improvements (Freeman, 2006). “

“Moreover, by institutionalizing the consumption practices of more affluent and highly educated men and women in place of stores that serve the poor, it challenges the “right to the city” of low-income residents.”

Cineas, Fabiola. “New York City’s Not-so-Sudden Migrant Surge, Explained.” Vox, 26 Sept. 2023, www.vox.com/policy/2023/9/26/23875580/new-york-city-migrant-crisis-influx-eric-adams.

Terminology/Key Words:

Influx Of Migrants

Asylum-Seekers

Southern Border

Immigration Reform

Consent Decree

Venezuelan Repressive Government

Shelter System

Financial Funding

The author compiles a list of contributing factors and events that led to the ongoing New York City Migrant Crisis in a wide range from politics to social and economics. According to the author, the Migrant Crisis will have an immense impact on the 2024 elections as state governments struggle to resolve the surge in the influx of Migrants that had arrived from crossing the Southern Border. As the author states, “The humanitarian crisis has also become a political flashpoint for New York. Protesters have criticized the city for housing migrants in schools and various residential neighborhoods and heckled lawmakers who speak on the subject to close the border… Advocates warn that Democratic leaders, including Adams, are falling into dangerously xenophobic rhetoric and fear that the plight of thousands of migrants will be used as a political pawn as the country heads toward the 2024 general election” (6). Moreover, she addresses the issues and concerns at hand like the Southern Border; Venezuelan Government, Shelter System, and Financial Funding, on top of the next steps that Eric Adams decided to pursue, hoping for some resolution.

The article delivers a breakdown of current events largely known as the Migrant Crisis that is digestible and comprehensible for average readers who want entails about the overall situation alongside its causes and effects. The only thing I would like to know is whether or not Eric Adam’s plan would be effective in tackling both the needs of New Yorkers and the needs of Migrants coming into the city simultaneously.

Quotables:

“New York City Mayor Eric Adams recently warned that the city could be “destroyed” if it doesn’t get more help to support an influx of migrants — and is now starting to turn some asylum-seekers out of shelter” (1).

“Since April 2022, more than 116,000 migrants have arrived in New York City. Most came from the US-Mexico border, fleeing hardship in their home countries and seeking asylum, a form of protection that would allow them to remain in the United States and not be deported” (3).

“Many are not yet eligible to work in the United States due to asylum rules, which require migrants to wait about six months for a work permit. More than 60,000 of them remain in the city’s shelter system, according to a statement from the mayor’s office” (3).

“If migration continues at its current pace, the city is on track to spend $12 billion over the next three fiscal years to shelter and support immigrants” (3).

“New York City has a unique legal obligation to find placement for asylum seekers under a consent decree, which took effect in the 1980s after a court ordered the city to provide temporary housing to any man who asked for it” (10).

“More than 7 million people who have left Venezuela, for example, economic collapse and a repressive government have made life in the country untenable. Venezuelan immigration to the US has increased dramatically in recent years” (14).

“As of September 2023, the US has taken in about 545,000 Venezuelans, while Latin American and Caribbean countries have taken in more than 6 million” (14).

“Earlier this year, Adams asked a judge to temporarily relieve the city of the legal obligation to shelter migrants, since its shelter system is overwhelmed — a request now before a court” (20).

“The city’s shelter system has reached a breaking point. In July, the city began issuing 60-day eviction notices to adult migrants in its shelters, which began to go into effect over the weekend — though those who fail to secure their own housing have been told to return to the Roosevelt Hotel to apply for other housing assistance” (21).

“New York City is housing migrants in hotels, once-vacant office buildings, school gyms, and emergency shelters on Randall’s Island. Adams has also looked into temporarily housing migrants in parking lots, in tents in Central Park and Prospect Park, and even on cruise ships” (25).

“Adams has said he will have to cut the budgets of various city agencies due to the financial strain of supporting migrants, and that he’s already made some cuts” (33).

Part 1: Bibliographic Entry

Meko, Hurubie. “What to Know about the Migrant Crisis in New York City.” The New York Times, 19 Oct. 2023. 

Part 2: Terminology/Keywords

Migrants

NYC

Humanitarian crisis

Refugees/Refuge

United Nations (UN)

Economy

Shelters

Emergency housing

Work permits

Immigration

US Citizenship

Nonprofit organizations

Deportation

Part 3: Précis

The article demonstrates the migrant crisis in NYC, with over 130,600 migrants arriving since the spring of 2022. Mayor Eric Adams declares a state of emergency, conveying this humanitarian crisis could cost the city up to $12 billion over three years. Majority of the people arriving in NYC were Venezuelans escaping economic decline. However, recently migrants from Africa have also been arriving. The city responds by transforming a former hotel into a migrant intake center and creates new agencies. The system faces issues with over 65,000 migrants staying in the shelters as of October. Mayor Adams changes his approach with more migrants arriving. He discourages migrants from coming and seeks relief from legal obligations. The city’s estimated budget is spending $5 billion on migrant care and Governor Kathy Hochul pledged $1 billion in the next budget. The fate of many immigrants remains uncertain with long processing, legal challenges, expensive housing, and undocumented status. 

Part 4: Reflection

This article is very insightful about what NYC plans to do about the migrant crisis. I understand why Mayor Adams chose to tackle this issue differently and change his message. These shelters are already helping so many people which shows how space is becoming limited and more expensive for the city to fund. A question I have is how effective will the different locations for emergency housing for migrants be? The article mentions how shelters will be in hotels, school gymnasiums, parking lots, etc… so how would this affect New Yorkers? If we make more space for shelters this also makes it inconvenient for New Yorkers to access these things. The article is eye opening because of how impossible dealing with the situation could be. From the expenses to accessibility, the migrant crisis involves many different challenges. 

Part 5: Quotables

“The city transformed a former hotel in midtown into a migrant intake center and created a new agency to help coordinate their arrivals, but the city’s response has, at times, been fragmented and reactive as the shelter system has become more strained.”

“He has asked a judge to relieve the city of some of its legal obligations under its unique ‘right to shelter’ mandate. He used an executive order to suspend some of the requirements under the mandate this spring.”

“The Adams administration has discouraged migrants from coming, distributing fliers at the southern border telling them that there is non guarantee they will receive shelter or services.”

“Many new arrivals in New York have found jobs in the underground economy and joined the existing pool of undocumented workers, where they remain vulnerable to deportation and exploitation.”

Part 1: Mitchell, C. (2017, June 1). How Much Foreign Language Is Being Taught in U.S. Schools?. Education Week.

Part 2: Foreign languages, NYC schools, survey, education, primary/secondary schools

Part 3: The author, Corey Mitchell, is an associate editor and has written numerous articles about languages connecting to disabled student and talented students. In the article he wrote, he compiled statistics percentage-wise on which language is frequently/commonly taught in NYC public high schools. Based on the statistics collected, he stated that the education system offers a lack of variety of languages and that different states offer different opportunities. For instance, Arkansas and Arizona have less than 10 percent of students studying world languages.

Part 4: This author is pretty credible. He has experience in foreign languages and he also uses statistics that support the claim he is trying to make in the article. Essentially, he is not like bsing his work. This article will support my research paper as it targets in increasing number of foreign languages taught in public high schools and the different percentages of languages being taught (connecting to my survey responses). 

Part 5:

“Across the map, Romance languages are taught most often in U.S. high schools, with 46 percent of all foreign language classes focusing on Spanish and another 21 percent on French. Chinese, German, and Latin are the only other world languages that account for more than 5 percent of the courses offered to secondary school students.” (Mitchell, 2017)

“A first-of-its-kind national survey sought to examine the state of foreign language education in primary and secondary schools, but found a striking “lack of knowledge about foreign language teaching and learning.” (Mitchell, 2017)

“But the enrollment rates vary widely from state to state. More than half of New Jersey’s public K-12 students are enrolled in foreign language classes, according to estimates. But in states such as Arizona and Arkansas, the survey estimates that fewer than 10 percent of students are studying world languages in school.” (Mitchell, 2017)