When writing an essay, opinion writing, or any sort of writing, I like to organize what would be in my writing. For example, if I am writing an argumentative essay, I would write down multiple thesis statements that I would like to focus on. Then, I gather and list down evidence (primary and/or secondary sources) and if applicable the page number to a book. I didn’t do too much or worry about the conclusion until I wrote my introduction and body paragraphs.

Handwritten essays can be challenging since erasing or like crossing out for me is annoying, so I prefer typing my writing up through Google Document. There is the “tool” bar that corrects my spelling and grammar errors. This preference started in middle school because my English teachers wanted our writing to be printed and handed in physically, but expanded during remote learning. However, when I took AP Language and Composition and AP Literature and Composition, my teachers made us type our writing, but when the AP came up, I was like “oh no…” I haven’t been practicing hand writing essays.

I also like to search up synonyms or different word choices, so I don’t repeat the same words throughout my essay. I got these comments and feedback endlessly and I find that searching up different words on Google comes in handy.

Lastly, pen over pencil when writing and maybe even doing math (SOMETIMES). My handwriting differs every time, but whenever I write in pen, my handwriting is neat and the size and font are consistent. On the other hand, when I write with a pencil, it is like a mess… 

Have you ever struggled finishing your paper? Have you ever got carried away and ended up doing something else? Well, perhaps you would find this relatable.

As a firm believer in typing over writing, I’ve always disliked the inefficiency of writing by hand. But over the past few years, I’ve started to notice my degrading productivity whenever I’m on my phone, whether it is text messages I feel the urge to message back or going on social media and games for my resentment toward entertainment. One may say maybe you’re just not motivated enough to finish the job. Others may say perhaps, the workload is just too burdensome of a task.

However, that’s what I’ve been telling myself over these years. There is a scientific tendency that shows correlations between the repetition of words and personal beliefs. In simpler terms, it means that there is a shared relationship between those who keep telling themselves they’re doing the right thing and end up believing it completely even though, it could be bad.

It is factual that technologies make humanity literate and more time-efficient, and that is true without question. But on the contrary, it only is when one is productive in completing their day-to-day tasks in a timely matter.

One strategy I found useful in resolving my procrastination and lack of productivity was to set a to-do list of everything I needed to accomplish for that week. Due dates take priority followed by the easier tasks. Once all is done, slowly chip in on the lengthy tasks. Personally, I feel like if you’re doing something that is lengthy in one setting you probably won’t feel the urge to take it seriously. Furthermore, it may also lead to burnout which further deteriorates the existing productivity to begin with.

Another strategy I found resourceful was writing or typing key evidence and arguments. Mainly because it’s also easier to start writing with compared to thinking of a compelling way to even begin writing an introduction of some sort.

P.S. Congrats you’ve made it to the end! Here’s an cookie. 🍪

 The reading of James Paul Gee implemented many different learning principles but one I felt connected on my own is learning and playing chess. During elementary school, I would go to school early and they would have these chess boards out for kids to play. Over the span of  a couple weeks to months I gradually learned the way the pieces move and how to checkmate the other opponent. These learning principles helped me gain a sense of comfort in my discourse communty. This really helped in In high school where I discovered there was a chess team. As soon as I stepped into that room I felt a little out of place. I was very quickly humbled by the older members. However, this pushed me to be even more motivated. I used critical learning to help better my chess skills.  Every lunch period, every bus ride to school, every ride home, every pooping session, and every free time I had throughout my day I would devote it to playing chess. I even watched professionals on YouTube and every tips or  tricks to help me gain victory. 

This really helped me relate to my discourse community even more. After all those hours of practice I was able to be the best on my team. We even won a few competitions and build better connections with one other. Chess really taught me how to be friendly competitive,  social with others,  and being Able to read my opponents mind before I even make my move. Chess is really a mind and strategic game which you develop over the years. Chess really implements all these learning principles that James Paul Gee wanted to teach to us. 

Theoretical and practical learning methods are very important. This is the right direction to help me acquire knowledge to the maximum extent. This is a completely new concept to form practical skills for me. From there, it helped me maximize the knowledge learned. In Math, English or 

Literature and practical application are extremely necessary. The visual method or open-and-answer teaching is applied regularly. In Mathematics, practice is a problem that needs to be done regularly. I will have the opportunity to practice the exercise and better understand the lesson. Since then, there has been more association and development in the subject. Along with that, English is also focused on practice. This is an important issue for me to be able to absorb the subject comprehensively and be able to communicate. In each subject, the practice has a different role. The range of use of the practice method is extremely wide. Practice helps to form the habit of remembering, analyzing as well and evaluating problems from the most accurate subject. To apply the practice method well and effectively, it is necessary to pay attention to many issues. Practice content needs to be carefully prepared and thoughtful. Clearly defining the goal of basic knowledge and skills is necessary. Pay attention to allocating content through practical activities. Practical activities make a big decision on the student’s academic performance. Therefore, practice is increasingly focused in schools as well as training centers.

Gee underlines three principles in What Video Games Have to Teach Us About Learning & Literacy that were crucial to my understanding of how making a killer Powerpoint: 1. Active, Critical Learning Principle, 2. Situated Meaning Principle, and 3. Multimodal Principle. I moved away from typing boring paragraphs and reading slides verbatim when I finally realized that a Powerpoint–and all forms of learning, as explained by Gee–is not meant to help someone memorize the content, but is instead meant to help someone understand the content. This meant only having a few bullet points to facilitate deep understanding, and my use of the second principle: forcing people to think to understand the bullet points. I employed cryptic language, overt metaphors, and accentuation. Gee describes my preceding tactic in the text when he describes good games “Good games—and the games get better in this respect all the time—are crafted in ways that encourage and facilitate active and critical learning and thinking” (46). The final principle that Gee mentions, and that I identified I used in my quest for Powerpoint kingship is: multimodality. I stripped the blandness from my presentations and infused each slides with images, pictures, text, or a blend of all three. My intention was to facilitate all three principles in doing so. I sometimes employed only images in the first few slides that by themselves would be meaningless. This eliminated the option of passively considering the slides. I found my own application of Gee’s principles in a domain other than video games, but I would not have know I applied them until I understood Gee’s definitions. This in it of itself is an example of both principles one and two.

James Paul Gee’s learning principle of Semiotic Domains connects to my own literacy practices. This is because last year, in my AP Calculus class, when it was closer to the exam we would have certain days where we would group ourselves on topics that we’ve mastered already and there were days where we would all be grouped on the topics we didn’t understand. This connects to Gee’s Semiotic Domains Principle because he mentions how learning involves mastering something at a certain level in order to participate with groups affiliated and connected with them. In my experience, the days where we grouped based on topics we’ve mastered, everyone was on the same page and was able to compare answers smoothly. However, on the days where we did topics we struggled with, the group would have to work harder together in order to help each other. The difference proves that the Semiotic Domains Principle is accurate since when we were grouped together based on what we knew, this discourse community was easier to communicate and engage with since these were topics that we excelled in. I think this principle makes working together easier in my opinion because when everyone around me was getting the same answers it was easy to tell that what we were getting must’ve been right. Comparing our answers also proved that we learned something and it helps us identify what AP Calc topics we’ve already mastered within the group. This organization made it better for everyone in the group to participate and I was able to score higher than I thought because of the discourse community I was in.

Another example of a discourse community I was in would be the Patterns club I was part of last year as well. This connects to the principle because the club consisted of poetry, art, and photography, and everyone’s different talents blended together to come up with the school magazine at the end of the year. Since every club member was someone who mastered something either artistically by hand and with photos or creatively through writing, we were able to work together to make a beautiful magazine that showcased different people’s work that fit within the theme that we chose for the year. 

James Paul Gee’s “What Video Games Have To Teach Us About Learning And Literacy” mentions all sorts of learning principles but the Semiotic Principle interests me the most, using visuals to understand and learn. In the beginning of video games there normally is a small visual tutorial on how to play the game and understand different mechanics in the game. Just from the short tutorial we already know how to play the video game.

Just like in math there are “tutorials.” For example websites like Delta Math or MyMathLab on every question there is an option to show examples. These examples are little “tutorials” on how to solve the question. They demonstrate questions similar to the ones you’re trying to solve and show them step by step just like in video games. Personally without these tutorials and examples would be a lost cause especially since I’m a visual learner. With these math examples I am able to “see” how all the math works together to get the answer. It helps me understand ideas better than just works and numbers be said to me, painting a bigger picture for me.

Using Social Practices to understand semiotic domain requires you to know the actions you have to take as well as what the experience feels and looks like. It also requires you to be knowledgeable of the terminologies so, that everyone in your discourse community would understand. One example of a social practice is when I started being interested in baking/cooking. For example, to know what knife cuts like Julien or dices look like as well as how to achieve them properly to fit into that specific discourse community. As well as the different methods of cooking such as blanching, poaching and double frying are.

The problem of content is something that we see as a society in our daily life especially as our exposure to technology increases. Often the people around us especially the older generation feel that if we don’t learn it in school it seems “pointless” but according to James Paul Gee it’s not. I personally love watching T.V shows and though it may seem “pointless” it can make people aware of issues that are going on in the world such as climate change. It could also remind us of valuable information like speaking up for our rights.

I relate to James Paul Gee’s principle of learning a semiotic domain by actively learning instead of learning with a passive content. I personally struggle with this through Algebra. I’m learning formulas to pass my class and tests, but it would be more useful to me if I learned to apply those same formulas outside of class. To comprehend it in a way to use later on in life rather than just for the class.

In chapter 2, James Paul Gee goes into detail regarding the learning principles and literacy practices. These learning principle, can relate to a sense of literacy in my life through basketball. When I was in elementary school, I was taught how to shoot a ball and to dribble. The actual rules of the sport were taught also, but they weren’t heavily focused on. Throughout middle school, if a player were to travel, commit a foul or double dribble, they would be penalized. These stages, would be apart of the active learning phase, since they are very basic. When I went into high school playing basketball, I was taught complex plays and drills during practice to be used during the games. Some of these were very difficult and involved a great deal of physical skill and memory. This is an example of critical learning since it is not so traditional, and was very complex. The learning principles that I was taught through basketball, can be used to better understand how I communicate and engage with discourse communities in my life since they taught me how to communicate with others more efficiently and how to use teamwork. When I was playing, I needed to call for the ball, tell my teammates what to do, listen to what they are saying. This helped me in my life, by having healthy forms of constructive criticism and understanding how to interpret it when others help me. Without this sport, I could not imagine how different my life would be.

Below is an image of my dunking.(August 2022)

In reflecting on the discourse communities that resonate with my personal experiences, I find a deep connection to the process of learning a new language. The statement, “Oddly enough, then, confronting what was, for me, a new form of learning and thinking was both frustrating and life-enhancing,” profoundly captures the essence of my language-learning journey. Similar to those who immerse themselves in the realm of video games, embarking on the path of learning a new language can be a demanding and vexing endeavor. However, this quote delves into the intriguing parallel between the resilience and patience discovered through mastering video games and the development of these same qualities in the context of learning a foreign language. It explores how these experiences provide individuals with the readiness to confront challenges, be they within the confines of a game or in the complexities of real life. I drew from my experiences to share times when I felt like quitting but ended up finding a strong determination and deep passion for further linguistic exploration.

Another quote that intrigues me is “We are fluid creatures in the making, Social practices and social groups are always changing, some slowly, some at a faster pace.” It emphasizes the ever-changing nature of our identities and the communities we associate with. Social practices and groups are in a constant state of flux, each evolving at its own unique pace. This concept brings to mind my journey through various interests and discourse communities, such as a specific movie genre or TV show. These were once sources of great enthusiasm for me. However, with time, my passion for them has faded. What’s fascinating is how that even as I have moved on from these particular interests, I  noticed that many others continue to discover and engage with them, or, contrarily alienate themselves just as I have. This phenomenon, in my view, reflects a fundamental aspect of human nature, highlighting how we are constantly evolving, leading us to explore new passions and interests along our life journey.

In the ever-evolving world, literacy among discourse communities persists to thrive and expand as humanity becomes more and more connected worldwide, thanks to exponentially growing technological advancements.

Bottom-up basic principles are probably one of the most common types used without any recognition. It is the idea that basic skills are taught early on, skills that rather learned and acquired just by simply engaging or participating in discourses.

One example of this is during the time I got into badminton. I remember being fascinated and drawn in by the competitive sportsmanship and the thunder-like sound inflicted by the racket strings onto the shuttlecock. As I got engaged with the players playing, I quickly learned and understood the terminologies associated with each shot that was made on each part of the court as well as the types of handles you use when making each kind of shot.

Another principle that is commonly used by many is affinity groups. The description of this principle states that discourse communities are united as one through shared goals, experiences, hobbies, etc. that are in discard of one’s identity, culture, religion, race, gender, etc.

Myself, like others, are members of not one but several discourse communities. The way we interact with one another depends on each discourse’s norms and rules. Especially online, I would find myself talking about shared interests with other users instead of thinking of who they are as a person. That’s like probably the lowest of all my concerns within an affinity group.

How many times have you been told by your parents to get off your phone or tablet because you were playing Minecraft? How many times did you want to want to tell them to F*ck off?? If you said no then you are a great child! If you said yes… you deserved to get smacked.

I would say I used to part of the “Minecraft” discourse YEARS ago when I was in 3rd grade. Minecraft has its special and peculiar way to express literacy. From the simple complex engineering to the unlimit-less imagination to build anything, Minecraft can teach you a few thing. For instance, Minecraft has allowed me to not limit my imagination. Because Minecraft is supposed to micic the real world (in a sense), it can be relatable to some. My dream house I’ve wanted ever since I were 10 years old. I have build it from scratch in a game that is considered a “waste of time.” Where do I hope this leads in the next 20-30 years? Me living in that same model house I built. It gave me the creativity to think outside the box.

Because I’m not in that discourse anymore, that doesn’t mean I haven’t carried those traits along with me. Specifically with “Active, Critical” Learning Principle. In Minecraft, you are a human. You live multiple days and nights which you have to survive. You start from nothing until u chop a tree which then in the matter of days you’ve found the rarest item in the game: diamonds. This can be compared to the real world which a diamond is money. Money had power and value. You can never stop growing money. Money is the foundation of life. I get to carry my ideas and values onto other discourses such as the latino community.

James Paul Gee discusses vital learning principles in the second chapter of his book “What Video Games Have to Teach Us About Learning & Literacy”. He uses this understanding to support his claim that a lot can be learned from video games and I agree with his belief as I’ve seen it to be true. I’ve had my fair share of playing first-person shooter video games, specifically Valorant (a 5v5 tactical shooter game where each player plays a character with unique abilities), over the past three years and I would consider myself an insider of this discourse community. James pushes for a broader understanding of literacy, encompassing not only the traditional reading and writing that we’re familiar with but also visual and multimodal literacy. This awareness made me realize that my capacity to interpret and create visual cues, patterns, and read player behaviors were tested when playing Valorant. Acknowledging my part in this discourse community helped me navigate it more adeptly when playing with my friends, like tailoring my communication style and language to gain competitive advantages with my team to suit the conventions and standards of the game. This ties into James’s concept of semiotic domains and his emphasis on how they each have their own mode of communication (sounds, images, language, etc.). It encourages me to consider how big of a role this concept plays in Valorant where the ability to communicate among your team through various literacies and be context-aware is what allows players to climb up the ranks and go into the competitive scene. The principles in this chapter are fundamental to all of the communities and semiotic domains that we’ll encounter so recognizing them is important to engage with others, especially in the virtual space. James ultimately underscores the idea that literacy isn’t confined to reading and writing whether in a professional, academic, or social setting.

In my quality of life class, I was a part of this discourse community with around 10 other students to come up with solutions to our issue that we are researching about. While reading James Paul Gee’s writing, I relate to his learning practice of, “Semiotic Principle.” This principle relates to this discourse community by how while researching my issue, I came across different opinions about whether increasing foreign language across schools was beneficial or not. And while reading numerous texts and articles, I had to interact with both parties (is foreign language beneficial to high school students?) and understand where they are coming from since not everyone has the same opinion or perspective. This better helped me engage in this discourse community because I had to survey over 250 people, so by talking to the different classmates around me I was able to understand better on what this community is leaning towards and their opinions which helped me create a better survey to question a bigger community/population to receive a wide amount of answers. Through that I was able to see what the population leaned toward which helped me come up with a different solution combating this issue.

Additionally, the 10 students in my class were all focusing and targeting on different issue that they wanted to solve, so by communicating with each other we were able to learn from each other and gave each other advice on how their solution can be “better” or offering them a better doable solution. This all ties back to the semiotic principle because we also had to create a website about our issue which has to include images and certain word choices. For example, because different people view a certain word and image different, I had to choose good word choice that would make people sign my petition to increase foreign language classes as well as adding persuasive images that get the viewer thinking. Lastly, there are so many languages out there and some words may sound similar to another language. One word may be something good to one country, but that same word may be a bad word to another country, so different people interact with certain words based on the language they speak. This ties back to my topic since knowing more language, we can learn and communicate with proper pronunciation that wouldn’t negatively affect another country which also ties back to how we interact with certain words.

In today’s world, communication happens almost instantaneously thanks to technology. As a result of this, understanding and interpretation is also quicker of societal culture that’s progressing on a daily basis. The world has speed up too fast coming into the 21st century, and with it, the creation and progression of new slang, pop culture, gender progression, social class changes, and economy fluctuations. In James Paul Gee’s book “What Video Games Have to Teach Us About Learning & Literacy”, a learning principle that stood out to me when mentioned was Semiotic principles. This term translates to learning about and coming to appreciate interrelations within and across multiple sign systems such as an idea or object which communicates meaning — and what meaning it communicates.

This can include modern advertisements that most people are familiar with, but others are not if they come from different parts.

This advertisement for example, communicates the idea of the famous fast-food chain brand: McDonalds. While never clearly stating the full name of the food chains name, or even it’s full logo, only people who understand it’s pop culture significance will know it’s McDonalds just from looking at half of the logo’s famous Golden Arches.

This next one is an advertisement that makes sense to people who knew or now know the capability of a famous brand and the products it sells.

This advertisements communicates how the first generation Apple computers, were way too advanced for more than half of the people in America, because of the technological advancement Apple was bringing to people’s home. But people knew that already, and some decided to buy Apple computers to see if they could handle using an intimidating piece of hardware.

Aside from advertisements that use Semiotic principles, these principles are also used in everyday ideas and actions we do or come across everyday. As mentioned before, the inevitability is that these principles can change form over time as a result of the world progressing further as a society. The “Content” and “Context” of ideas, opinions, or actions human beings generate, will change and become blurry as time passes on. This will bring it’s own set of problems in learning environments, where younger generations will have to gain a more complex insight at an early age to properly understand intricate societal norms.